The electrical Industry has been evolving since the last decades of the 19th century. This Industry encompasses a wide range of application from electricity generation and distribution to electronic gadgets and computer hardware. Standardization activities in the electrical Industry are focused on design, manufacture and operation of electrical and electronic systems including devices, appliances and accessories as well as installations. The wide range of standards in electrical Industry makes it crucial for any electrical engineer to have a generic understanding of the common aspects and purposes of these standards as well as their coverage and range of application. It is important for example, to know how to find the relevant standards for a specific type of cable which is to be used in an installation. The book "Standards and Standardization in electrical Industry" covers many important aspects of the subject. This book review is dedicated to introduce and discuss the significance, contents and readership of this book.

Purpose: The future of the construction Industry is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction Industry. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction Industry.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction Industry. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction Industry have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

Resonance of globalization of the world economy in recent decades has increased importance of Export operations for firms. This trend has been developed the importance of awareness of export behavior. So, purpose of research is recognition, exploration and categorization of Dimensions of export behavior and Then, proposing a typology for export behavior. Previous researches in export behavior are very limited and most of them are one-sided, quantitative and simplistic. This research has been investigated export behavior based on RBV, Network view, international entrepreneurship and global mindset. We have used cross case study method (stake method) and depth interview were conducted with export managers of exporting firms in Iran electrical Industry. Based on the results, dimensions of export behavior could be classified at eight categories: Global mindset, Capability of market recognition, Capability of brand imagine, capability of networked value chain, capability of international learning, capability of entrepreneurial managers and exporting approach. Furthermore, based on these dimensions, three patterns of cautious learners, strategist and experimental networker have been recognized among four firms.

In the power transmission and distribution Industry, ceramic and porcelain insulators are being replaced by silicone insulators. Unlike other composite insulating materials used in the past decades, these silicone insulators are able to maintain their hydrophobicity properties even in severe pollution conditions. Because environmental pollution conditions are unpredictable during operation, the performance of the hydrophobicity dynamics of these electrical insulators is important. This dynamic performance of silicone insulators is also known as the hydrophobicity transfer mechanism. These silicone materials, in addition to transmitting hydrophobicity, also have the ability to recover hydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity transfer and recovery mechanism of silicone materials is related to the reorientation of methyl groups and the presence of low molecular weight components, which are investigated in this paper.

Electrocution is an important Issue in forensic and occupational medicine. In Addition to clectrical injuries, determining the manner of death and reasons of accident are very important. So during a 18 months period, all of such cases that referred to LMO for determining cause of death were studied. The results showed that the most common age range is 10-30 years old and the most common cause of Accident is occupational one.Ventricular fibrillation was the most prevalent cause of death the most dangerous situation was passing electrical current from right hand to legs.

Evaluating the technological capabilities of a company enables the high-ranking decision makers to identify the weak points and strengths of the company and to pave the way for making decisions regarding the development of technological capabilities. In fact, technology evaluation is instrumental in fostering better understanding of the technological abilities of the firm and consequently, helps managers in deciding about it. Therefore, to develop and apply new technologies require evaluation of the existing technology. To make it possible, different models have been presented for evaluating the level of technological capabilities. In this paper, we have evaluated the technological capabilities of Iran Transfo Company in 3 major and 9 minor dimensions using Panda and Ramanson evaluation model. To determine the extent of the effects of each minor dimension (Indices) on the company ability, first the interactions among factors that influence the technological capabilities are determined through Dematel Technique as scores and then, these scores are ranked based on ANP method.

Detection of Structural break in trend analysis methods is one of the important issues in futures studies field. Fundamental changes in environment of system lead to structural breaks and discontinuousness of trends. Therefore, parameters of quantitative models are not reliable to apply in trend extrapolation. In this paper we discuss the structural breaks in trend analysis and compare the methods of detection and estimate location of structural breaks. First, Classic frequentist approach and Bayesian approach are considered as two main categorizes and their capacities and limitations are compared to each other. Second, Bai and Perron’s methods for detecting multiple structural breaks are used to investigate structural breaks in trend of electrical Industry index in Tehran stock exchange. Test results demonstrates that two breaks occurred simultaneously with changes of economic policies of government in trend of electrical Industry index in Tehran stock exchange. Initial break happened after implementing of subsidy reform plan and later break occurred when cabinet of government changed. Those structural breaks caused to ascending of electrical Industry index and changing parameters. This paper introduces methodology of identifying structural breaks which is applicable in every economic trend analysis.

Objective: Today, levels of uncertainty, environmental turmoil and complexity are increasing worldwide. Complexity in Iran is high due to the variety of threats, variety of actors, interference of dynamics, nonlinear behavioral patterns and severe clustering of the network. The complex governance Pattern is one of the new Patterns for managing complexity. The electricity Industry is one of the most complex and infrastructural industries that has been affected by sanctions in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a complex governance Pattern in the context of sanctions in the electricity Industry. Methods: This research is a fundamental One. The method of conducting this research is qualitative and based on action research. The data have been collected through library and field and in-depth interview and documentary review tools were used. Interviews have been conducted with experts in the country’ s electricity Industry. The selection of the sample was done non-randomly – snowball with 15 experts in the country’ s electricity Industry. Results: Findings show that the country’ s electricity Industry in the face of sanctions with various issues in the economic field (such as rising equipment prices and the issue of financing and exchange), structural (such as inconsistency of oil and energy ministries and the existence of parallel units in the Industry) And cultural (such as lack of access to modern technology and reduced regional research) and this has led it to use the country’ s internal capacity. Conclusion: The results show that the electricity Industry, due to the diversity of actors, goals, values, structures, complex processes and conditions of sanctions, requires the design of a complex governance Pattern and in this direction 18 mechanisms to deal with sanctions as a governance Pattern in four economic areas., Structurally, politically and culturally designed.

In today's rapidly advancing electronics Industry, the widespread use of electrical and electronic equipment has made sustainable management of end-of-life (EOL) equipment a pressing need. A global system is required to facilitate informed decision-making regarding e-waste. Manufacturers must therefore devise strategies for effectively managing products during the EOL phase. This article introduces a novel framework for managing e-waste during the EOL phase to identify the most appropriate EOL options to minimize e-waste. The proposed framework harnesses the power of Twitter as a data source, utilizing data mining techniques to extract consumer opinions on e-waste. The article also outlines the development of a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method and a multi-objective mathematical framework, enabling efficient decision-making in EOL processes based on e-waste information obtained from Twitter data. The study's findings have the potential to assist equipment manufacturers in identifying flaws in electrical and electronic equipment by analyzing customer opinions shared on social media platforms. Furthermore, by analyzing consumer sentiment towards e-waste, manufacturers can gain a deeper understanding of customer perspectives and develop appropriate strategic plans for selecting suitable EOL processes for returned products. This study underscores the significance of social media data in addressing e-waste management challenges, showcasing the profound impact of customer opinions.